Sputnik International After the defeat of Nazi Germany in Europe, the US, UK, and China demanded Japan’s surrender, but the Japanese government refused to lay down its arms. On August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan.
The campaign was commanded by Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky on the Soviet side and Khorloogiin Choibalsan from Mongolia, while Japan’s Kwantung Army was led by Otozo Yamada.
The balance of forces was overwhelming—the USSR and Mongolia fielded nearly 1.75 million soldiers against Japan’s 1.18 million.
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