By Svetlana Rossinskaya
Literary investigation on the occasion of December 1 – the World Day Against Aids, to the 30th anniversary of the death of the mysterious idol
Exactly 30 years ago, on November 24, 1991, British rock singer Freddie Mercury (1946-1991) died at his home in London from bronchial pneumonia caused by AIDS. He was 45 years old.
World Day Against the Elimination of Crimes Aids, first proclaimed CART in 1988. Celebrated annually December 1. This day serves as a reminder of the need to stop the global spread Epidemic HIV/Aids.
Freddie Mercury (1946-1991) is not the only celebrity to die of AIDS, but the circumstances of his illness and death are still hidden from the public.
Everything can be found out about any famous person who died under such circumstances: the date of diagnosis – the year, month and day, the name of the doctor who reported the terrible news, the number and name of the hospital in which it happened, the approximate date when the unfortunate person was HIV-infected, how and where he was treated, in which hospitals and clinics he was lying, what medications he took and what procedures he underwent, how the disease progressed. the name of the attending physician or doctors, etc., etc.
You can find out about anyone – except Mercury. His illness and death are shrouded in a dark and suspicious mystery.
On the eve of World AIDS Day, let’s watch the video “Freddie Mercury. Mysterious idol”, we will listen to the songs performed by him, touch the biography a little more, conduct our own independent investigation and try to shed light on this story.
So..
Mary Austin, Mercury’s wife, said in an interview that Freddie had been living with the HIV virus for at least seven years. That is, since 1984 at the latest. And she’s lying, because Freddie, who was HIV-positive, couldn’t do 70 shows a year.
And the second “great initiates,” Jim Hutton, gave a very different date, April 1987. As a result, Mercury’s biographers write that “no one knows” – since this is a classic failure of testimony, completely contradictory information on the same issue.
Even Peter Haugen, in the preface to his book on “Queen» Cautiously remarked:
“Freddie Mercury died of bronchial pneumonia caused by AIDS. However, we cannot say with certainty that the cause of his death was the excesses inherent in his lifestyle, we do not know when Freddie became HIV-positive, nor whether he was infected sexually or non-sexually.”
But then, as if frightened by his own audacity, Haugen hurriedly says, “But it doesn’t matter,” and turns the conversation to another topic.
Why doesn’t it matter? This is very important – because behind the answer to this question is the ruined reputation of a decent person!
The noble believer was glorified all over the world by the most abominable male sin, the most terrible crime of his faith. He has lost the most important thing that a man can have – honor and reputation. It won’t be long before hundreds of millions of people around the world will be discussing his debauchery, his homosexuality, his fictitious vices, and his name will become a symbol of absolute debauchery.
Where is the justice?
Classified information
Haugen is right about one thing: nothing can be said with certainty due to the complete lack of information on the subject. Let’s see what has already been written.
It must be admitted that the books about Freddie Mercury are very specific literature. However, some facts can be gleaned from almost any source. Here are some of them:
1. Tremlett, G. The Queen story
A unique book published in 1976. A colossal amount of exclusive information, many questions are presented in a fundamentally different light.
2. Hodkinson, M. Queen: The Early Years
A book in which you can find a number of information about the early years of the band members and their life in the “pre-Quin” period.
3. Freddie Mercury. A Life, In His Own Words
A very original work, written on the basis of the singer’s printed interviews, including those that he officially refuted.
A murderously boring book, from which, nevertheless, with due diligence you can dig up a number of interesting information.
The analysis of materials on the topic led me to a very disappointing conclusion – information about the illness and death of Freddie Mercury is classified. Even now, thirty years after his death.
In May 1987, the Sun newspaper published a well-known scandalous interview with journalist Paul Prenter, in which Mercury appeared to be an active gay man and the organizer of cocaine parties and sexual.
It wasn’t long before another scandalous interview with Mercury appeared in the press, in which he spoke very frankly about the problem of AIDS and his personal life:
“AIDS has completely changed the way I look at things. I used to be very depraved, but now I sit at home, I don’t go anywhere… I think everyone who has had promiscuous sex should get tested for AIDS… I’ve been tested myself, I’m clean…”
As soon as the newspaper was published, an enraged Freddie called the editorial office demanding an apology and a retraction. The interview did take place, but Freddie talked about his creative plans for the future, a little about his personal life, but he did not open up about debauchery and AIDS, or about medical tests.
The editor apologized and promised to look into it – but there was no retraction, moreover, this fake now graces all books about Mercury and Queen.
It seems that the circle is closed.
Before drawing conclusions about what Freddie Mercury was like, it is necessary to get acquainted with his creative biography, and then see who and what he interfered with.
Crazy about music
Freddie Mercury was born on September 5, 1946, in Zanzibar, and his name was then Farrukh Bulsara. He became Freddie with the help of his friends, and he took the pseudonym Mercury himself much later, in 1970, either in honor of the dodgy god Mercury, or in honor of the planet of the same name ruling all Virgos.
In any case, it was not a random choice. Mercury went to his fame thanks to incredible energy, determination, calculating every step and only occasionally relying on intuition.
His parents, Bomi and Jer, were Parsees. Bomi’s father worked as an accountant for the British government. In 1952, Freddie Kashmir’s sister was born. And in 1954, when Freddie was only 8 years old, he was sent to India and sent to St. Peter’s School in Panchgani, 500 miles from Bombay.
St. Peter’s School Petra was typically English, and all the sports it played were typically English. Freddie hated cricket and long-distance running, but he loved hockey, sprint and boxing, and at the age of 10 he became the school’s table tennis champion. At the age of 12, he won the cup in the junior all-around.
But his talents were not limited to sports. He was very fond of painting and constantly made drawings for friends and relatives. And he was also passionate philatelist. His collection has been exhibited at philatelic exhibitions in different countries.
And, of course, from an early age, Freddie was crazy about music. He listened to records on an old home record player, stacking them and spinning them continuously. Listening to music, Freddie liked to sing along. The music was mostly Indian, although sometimes there was also Western music – he sang everything and strongly preferred such an activity to school lessons.
Freddie’s musical talents were noticed by the headmaster of St. Peter’s School. Peter. He wrote a letter to his parents, offering to give him the opportunity to study music seriously for a small additional fee. They agreed, and Freddie began to learn to play the piano. He also began to sing in the school choir and regularly took part in school theatrical productions. He liked piano lessons – here he could definitely apply his talent.
In 1958, five friends from St. Peter’s School – Freddy Bulsara, Derrick Branche, Bruce Murray, Farang Irani and Victory Rana – formed their first rock band, which they called “Fidgets”, where he was not yet a vocalist, but a pianist. They played at school parties, anniversaries and dances – nothing more is known about this band.
In 1962, Freddie graduated from St. Peter’s School. Petra and returned to Zanzibar, where he spent his free time with friends in bazaars, parks and beaches. Zanzibar was a British colony with a majority of the population being Africans and Arabs. When riots broke out in the country in 1964, many Britons and Indians were forced to leave, although no one drove them away. Among those who left Zanzibar was the Bulsar family, who went to England.
At first, they lived with relatives in Feltham, Middlesex, and then they had the opportunity to buy their own small house in the same area. At the age of 17, Freddie chose an art college, but for this he had to get an appropriate score in painting, and in September 1964 he enrolled in the nearby Islesworth Polytechnic School.
During the holidays, he tried to earn a little extra money, sometimes in the supply department at Heathrow Airport, sometimes at Feltham’s trading business, where he had to lift and stack heavy baskets and crates. The workmen, looking at his hands, which were completely inadequate for this kind of work, asked him what he was doing there. He replied that he was a musician and that he just needed something to do, and so great was his charm that his comrades quickly took over the lion’s share of his work.
The aesthetic side of school life appealed to him more than the academic one, but he easily earned the necessary score in painting and in the spring of 1966 became a graduate of the Islesworth School. Because of this score, as well as his natural gift, he was readily accepted into the Ealing Art College, and in September 1966 he began taking a course in graphic illustration.
Freddie became friends with a student from his college, Tim Staffell. As their friendship grew, Tim began to invite Freddie to rehearsals for his band Smile, where he played bass guitar and sang. In addition to Tim, the band included a guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor.
The band’s sound made a lasting impression on Freddie, especially Brian’s playing. Inspired, he embarked on musical experiments for the first time since leaving India. At first, his partners were Tim and Nigel Foster, another art college student, then Chris Smith. When Chris first heard Freddie’s voice, he was fascinated. And his manner of playing the piano – outwardly spectacular, with Mozart’s lightness – combined with a strong touch, was distinguished by a unique originality, and this also did not leave Chris indifferent.
They tried to write songs together. As Chris recalls, it is unlikely that they finished anything, but notes that these classes with Freddie taught him a lot.
–I immediately noticed that Freddie had an innate sense of melody,” Chris recalls, “and that was what attracted me the most.
Even then, Freddie was experimenting, combining several melodies together in different keys, trying to achieve the greatest effect.
Freddie graduated from Ealing in June 1969 with a degree in graphics and design – and a couple of advertising jobs for the local newspaper. He moved into Roger Taylor’s apartment, and that summer they opened their own stall in Kensington Market. First, they sold the work of Freddie and his college mates, and then they sold all sorts of clothes, new and second-hand, that they could get their hands on.
In the same summer, he was introduced to the Liverpool trio “Ibex” – the guys came to try their luck in London. They were guitarist Mike Berzin, bassist John Tapp Taylor and drummer Mick Mieffer Smith. With them were their general and touring manager, Ken Testy, and another member, Jeff Higgins, who sometimes had to play bass when Tapp wanted to play the flute.
Freddie’s meeting with the Ibex took place on August 13, 1969, and within 10 days he had studied their entire repertoire, added a few songs and was ready to go with them to Bolton, Lancashire, for his first concert. Performances in Bolton took place as part of the annual blues festivals covered by the local press.
Freddie started looking for a new band and found one through an ad: the band “Sour Milk Sea” needed a vocalist. There is a story about the pomposity with which Freddie appeared before them. Although there were some other very worthy candidates that day, as soon as Freddie started singing, it was clear that they were taking him. Freddie’s voice was extraordinarily beautiful and wide-ranging. But it’s not just about the voice. His very behavior, his ability to present himself, made an indelible impression. Those who have seen Queen’s performances, at least in recording, will understand what I mean.
As Ken Testy recalls, everything that Freddie did later in Queen, he did at the very first performance in Ibex – “this is not something developed over the years, it is a rare natural gift, which is in unique harmony with his voice, with his appearance, and with his delicate artistic taste and musicality in the broadest sense. And the fact that he was aware of it made him absolutely irresistible!”
The other members of the band were Chris Chasney on vocals and guitar, bassist Paul Milne, Jeremy “Rubber” Gallop on rhythm guitar and Rob Tyrell on drums. They had a few rehearsals and then a couple of gigs in Chris’s hometown of Oxford.
Freddie and Chris, who was about 17 years old at the time, became close friends, and Chris moved into an apartment on Ferry Road, where Freddie lived with the members of Smile. The other members of Sour Milk Sea were not very impressed with the fact that Freddie and Chris were spending so much time together – they were much more concerned about the future of the band. And two months later, Jeremy, who owned almost all the equipment, took it away, which meant the breakup of the band.
Birth of Queen
In April 1970, Tim Staffell decided to leave Smile and Freddie took over as lead singer. He changed the band’s name to Queen and his last name to Mercury.
Further biography Freddie Mercury largely coincides with the biography of the band Queen.
In 1971 he joined the band John Deacon – now Queen was in full force. Freddie came up with a coat of arms for the group based on the zodiac signs of its members: two fairies for him (Virgo), two lions for Roger and John (Leo), and a crab for Brian (Cancer).
At concerts, Freddie was always in the foreground. In 1975, Queen toured Japan, where they were accompanied everywhere by a screaming crowd of enthusiastic fans. It was the first time they had been given such an unusual and unexpected welcome. Freddie simply fell in love with this country and began collecting Japanese paintings and antiques.
On October 7, 1979, Freddie’s old dream came true – he performed with the Royal Ballet. He chose two songs. The melody was performed by the orchestra and Freddie sang live. The performance was a huge success with ballet lovers, who gave him a standing ovation after both numbers.
In 1980, Freddie changed his image – he got a short haircut and grew a mustache. After that, many fans began to send him “gifts” – nail polish and razor blades.
At the end of 1982, Queen unanimously decided that they needed to take a break and take a break from each other. They announced that there would be no tour in 1983. Freddie had been thinking about releasing a solo album for a long time – now he had time to do so.
In early 1983, he began recording in a Munich studio. During this period, he was introduced to the composer Giorgio Moroder. Moroder took part in the revival of Fritz Lang’s silent science fiction film Metropolis, shot back in 1926, which was decided to be dubbed by modern music. He asked Freddie to co-write a song for the film, and Freddie agreed. He had never co-written with anyone other than Queen. The result of this collaboration was the song Love Kills.
On September 10, 1984, Freddie’s first solo song, “Love Kills”, written with Giorgio Moroder for the film Metropolis, was released.
After the appearance of songs in foreign languages, many people wondered how many languages Freddie knew. In fact, apart from English, Freddie spoke only his native language Gujarati.
July 13, 1985, was a special day for Queen and Freddie. On this day, a concert took place – a grandiose show at Wembley Stadium, which was attended by 72 thousand spectators. The concert was broadcast on television all over the world, i.e. it was watched by more than a billion people! With their performance, Queen secured their place in history, and all reviewers, journalists, fans and critics were unanimous that the band became the highlight of the program.
Cooperation with Montserrat Caballé
At the beginning of 1987, Queen experienced a lull, which Freddie took advantage of to record another solo number at Townhouse Studios. In March 1987, Freddie flew to Barcelona to meet Montserrat Caballé. He gave her a cassette on which two of his songs were recorded (according to other sources – 4).
The Spanish opera diva appreciated them and even performed one of them – much to Freddie’s surprise – at a concert in London’s Covent Garden. And at the beginning of April, these two artists of such different genres began working on a joint album.
At the end of May, a grand festival took place in the famous Cu Club on the island of Ibiza. Freddie was the guest of honour and performed with Montserrat Caballé at the closing of the festival. They performed the song Barcelona, which Freddie dedicated to his hometown of Montserrat.
On October 8, 1988, Freddie and Montserrat performed at another grand festival, this time in Barcelona itself. They performed 3 songs: “How Can I Go On”, “The Golden Boy” and “Barcelona”, and the piano part was performed by Mike Moran, the co-writer of the songs. The long-awaited album “Barcelona” was finally released on October 10.
The performance on October 8 was Freddie’s last appearance in front of the public. By that time, he was already seriously ill with AIDS, but he didn’t want people to know about it. He announced his illness only the day before his death, leaving his entire fortune to his sister, the only person close to him, and his beloved cats.
Freddie Mercury was very fond of cats, several cats usually lived in his mansion over the years: Oscar, Tiffany, Goliath, Delilah, Miko, Romeo, Lily. He dedicated a song to his cat, Delilah.
Despite everything, he continued to write, make recordings, and even starred in music videos.
Film «Freddy is dead. The Final Nightmare» was published in the year of Freddie Mercury’s death. Its premiere took place on September 5, 1991 – on the last birthday of the singer. And on November 24, 1991, Freddie died at his home in London from bronchial pneumonia, which developed against the background of AIDS. He was 45 years old.
I’m not gay!
And now a little bit about the personal life of the famous singer. In 1970, Freddie met Mary Austin. They lived together for seven years.
Everything changed in their relationship when Freddie confessed that he had something very important to tell her; something that would change their relationship forever. Mary explains, “I was a bit naïve and it took me a while to realize the truth. In the end, he was glad he told me that he bisexual».
Mary decided it was time to leave, but he convinced her not to go far. They eventually separated, but remained close friends for life, with Mercury making her his private secretary. In a 1985 interview, Mercury said, “All my lovers ask me why they can’t replace Mary. But that’s just not possible. She’s my only friend and I don’t need anyone else. She was actually my wife. We believe in each other and that’s enough for me.”
The singer dedicated several songs to Mary, of which the most significant is the song “Love of My Life”. Mercury was the godfather of Mary’s eldest son, Richard, and left her his mansion after his death.
Freddie Mercury had a brief relationship with the famous Austrian actress Barbara Valentine, whom he met in 1983. Mercury said of their relationship: “Barbara and I formed a union that was stronger than with any of my lovers in the last six years. I could really tell her everything and be myself with her, which happens to me very rarely.”
Freddie Mercury’s image has raised many questions about his sexuality since the beginning of his popularity, but Mercury has always avoided talking about his personal life, laughing it off or answering vaguely.
In a 1984 interview with the Canadian magazine “Music Express He stated:
– Newspapers have always written whatever they want about Queen – after all, it’s their job! I won’t suffer from insomnia because of this. But the Sun article was an absolute lie, the information was taken out of thin air. What can I do about it?
The woman who wrote this article wanted to get a screaming story from me, but she didn’t. I asked her, “What do you want to hear? That I’m dealing cocaine or what?” Then she just wrote that I confessed that I was gay.
I’m not a sack struck to say such a thing! I’m smart enough to do that. They’ve always tried to put me in the same box as gay people. In the beginning, it went like this: I’m bisexual; Then they started talking about the appearance of the hermaphrodite, and I didn’t mind some of the gossip because it made headlines.
As for my sexual preferences, it’s very simple – I do it with the one I love. And there’s no hidden bottom. My personal life is nobody’s business. I can talk about almost anything, but the last thing I’d do in my life would be to go to the Sun and say, “I’ll admit it, I’ll admit it, I’ll admit it, I’m gay.” It doesn’t make sense. Otherwise, I would have done it years ago.
In this business (show business) it’s good to be gay or something unprecedented, if you’re new. If I speak to the public now, people might say, “Oh my God, now Freddie is suddenly admitting that he’s gay because it’s fashionable to be gay right now.”
It doesn’t work for me. Such things I leave to those who need them. The only thing that matters to me is the music.
After the musician’s death, information resources continued to discuss the topic of Mercury’s orientation. Press claims that Freddie was gay were based, in part, on interviews with people who knew Mercury personally. Brian May and Roger Taylor gave an interview a week after Freddie’s death, in which Brian May said, “He was gay and didn’t really hide it,” and at the Mercury Memorial Concert, which took place in the spring of 1992, the singer’s open bisexuality was mentioned George Michael.
A book by Mercury’s personal assistant, Peter Freestone, described the singer’s relationships with several men. Jim Hutton also wrote a book, Mercury and Me, about his relationship with Freddie during the last six years of the singer’s life.
Medical error or murder?
Version based on the book:
Akhundova M.V. History of Freddie Mercury/Mariam Akhundova. Moscow, Izograf Publ., 2005. -316 p.
And now we can put forward a preliminary version, where and when was Freddie Mercury infected with AIDS?
I think it was in September 1986, at Harley Street Hospital in London.
What happened there was not a medical error or negligence, but a carefully planned contract killing. Otherwise, the Sun wouldn’t have found out so quickly, Freddie wouldn’t have been the only victim, and the scale of the scandal would have been hard to imagine.
In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a wave of mass AIDS infections in medical institutions around the world. But in each such case, the infection was quickly identified, the culprits were found, and the press raised a scandal. There were also isolated cases of infections (for example, in 1991, the whole world was shocked by the tragedy of an American student infected with AIDS in the dentist’s office), but such cases were quickly identified.
Mercury’s killers chose a method that freed them from all possible suspicions. Mercury’s death did not spark any such rumors or conversations. Not a single wild tabloid has published a single alternative version of his death. After all that had been said about Freddie, his death seemed like the normal logical conclusion of a dissolute life. After all, what else could England’s leading gay man, who has had hundreds of male partners, die of?
Why was Freddie removed?
After 1986, this was the only way to stop the triumphant Queen movement and prevent the spiritual rock revolution from developing. The assassins couldn’t let Freddie Mercury take the throne of the King of Rock, and when they did, they had no other choice.
Everything happened exactly according to Mercury’s early song “Liar” – “They’ll never let you win… You’ll be stopped before you can do anything.” The song turned out to be prophetic…
I don’t want to be some kind of star…
After the death of Freddie Mercury, the musicians of Queen said in an official statement:
“We have lost the greatest and most beloved member of our family. We feel infinite grief and sadness at the realization that death overtook him at the zenith of his creative upsurge, but we are proud of the courage with which he lived and died. We were lucky enough to share the magical years with him. We will do our best to pay tribute to his life and his inimitable style.
After the death of Freddie Mercury, his statements remained in people’s memory. For example:
– We were not allowed to enter Russia. They think we’re going to corrupt their youth…
“Now I know that money can buy anything in Brazil. Even Brazil itself, or the entire continent. With my money, I could have been president there.
– I have no desire to live to the age of 70: it must be a very boring occupation.
“People who meet me think I’m going to kill them. In fact, I’m very shy.
– How boring it is to just exist, to have only one side of the character that is reflected in everything you do. I am a person of opposites and I change every day like a chameleon and each new day is different from the previous one, and I look forward to it. I don’t want to be the same.
– You can’t buy happiness. But money can help you get it!
– I don’t want to go to heaven after my death – hell is much better. Just think of the interesting people you can meet there, and you’ll want to go there too.
– In fact, my kind of loneliness is the hardest thing to endure. Being alone doesn’t mean you’re locked in your room alone. You may be in a crowded place and still feel like the loneliest person because you don’t really belong to anyone.
“I don’t want to be a star; I’m going to be a legend.
On April 20, 1992, a grand concert in his memory was held at Wembley Stadium, in which many rock stars took part. But the best monument for Freddie was the release of the album “Made In Heaven”, completed by the three remaining members of the band. The album was released on November 6, 1995. It features the most recent songs recorded by Freddie.
On May 31, 2011, a new documentary about Queen titled “Queen – Days of Our Lives” was released on the BBC. Its main value is in new interviews with the band members, everyone who worked with them at different times, as well as in working videos from the filming of clips, which have not yet been shown anywhere.
Freddie Mercury’s star has faded…. But even years later, its light goes to people. This man, indeed, managed to become a legend.
Thank you, Freddy! We will always remember you!
REFERENCES:
1. Akhundova M.V. The Story of Freddie Mercury / Mariam Akhundova.- Moscow, Izograf Publ., 2005. -316 p.
http://lib.aldebaran.ru/author/ahundova_m/ahundova_m_istoriya_freddi_merkyuri
Annotation:Chiuri
«The book is dedicated to one of the most mysterious personalities in the history of British rock – Freddie Mercury. For the first time, the work of Freddie Mercury is considered from the point of view of the Zoroastrian and Christian religions, each of which had a huge impact on the spiritual world of the great master.
Particular attention is paid to the influence of the Zoroastrian environment on the formation of the singer’s personality. The book provides a critical analysis of the gossip around the singer’s personal life and the so-called “stories of his closest friends”, which, due to the lack of refutations, have long acquired the status of indisputable facts.
The author puts forward his own version of the life and death of Freddie Mercury, which is very different from the generally accepted one.
The book is scandalous in the good sense of the word, since the rehabilitation of the good name of a slandered genius is a scandal.”
2. Bakurkin A. A Comet Named “Queen” // TV-Park. -1999. -No 27.
3. Magic “Queen”. from English and preface by T. Shashkova. Moscow, 1998.
4. Glebov Y. Monarchs from Rock // TV-Park. -1997.- No 42.
5. Dean K. Queen: Photohistory. from English by A. Malakhovskogo. Moscow, 1997.
6. Queen. A story told by the group itself // Zvezdnyy zhurnal. -1997. -№ 2; 1997, – № 5.
7. Queen o Queen.- M., 1994.
8. Queen: The Show Must Go On. from Eng., comp., will enter. article by A. V. Galin. Moscow, 2000.
9. Klimkin G. The Light of the Extinguished Star by Freddie Mercury // TV-Park. -1995. -No 29.
10. Lebowski H. Freddie Mercury: Blade Runner // Caravan of Stories. -2001.- No 3.
11. Freddie Mercury’s Russian Roulette // TV-Park. -1999. -№16.
12. Skye R. Freddie Mercury. Moscow, 1993.
13. Freddy Mercury’s Solo Work: I’m Only a Singer Performing a Song / Sost. A. L. Rassadin. Moscow, 2000.
14. 100 pages: Queen / Text by S. Klimovitsky. Moscow, 2001.
15. Freddie Mercury. Moscow, 1992.
16. Freddie Mercury. with Eng. T. Shashkova. Moscow, 2000.
17. Freddie Mercury (a selection of interviews) // Music Box. -2001. -№ 4.
18. Freddie Mercury and “Queen”: 30 songs: Queen. – M., 2000.
19. Freestone P. Freddie Mercury: Show must go on. from the English by T. Sakhatsky. Moscow, 2002.
20. Freestone P. Freddie Mercury. Show Must Go On. – Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoria, 2005. -Page. 341. (352 p. in total)
21. Hotten D. Queen // Classic Rock. – 2002. -№ 9.
22. Hougen P. K. Queen / Transl. by A. Malakhovskogo. Moscow, 1997.
23. Hotten D. Freddie Mercury: At the behest of Her Royal Majesty // Classic Rock.- 2002. – No. 8.
25.11.21. Rossinskaya Svetlana Vladimirovna, Chief Librarian of the Library “Foliant” of the MBUK “Libraries of Togliatti”; e-mail: rossinskiye@gmail.com; 30-78-00
[Translated from Russian]
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