Военное обозрение By Top War
From the history of the Russian borderland
In 1991, a huge state on the scale of Europe, and indeed the whole world, was formed, the former Ukrainian SSR. And its own stories She doesn’t have one.
In the 9th–13th centuries, it was the Russian land. This is noted in all historical sources, both Russian and foreign. Russian cities were Kyiv, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl, Lvov, Galich, Kholm, and many others. Russian principalities and lands were Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl, Tmutarakan, Galicia-Volyn, etc. Russian princes ruled there, and Russian people lived there – Rus, Ros, Rusyns, Rusichi.
There were no large-scale ethnic, cultural or linguistic changes in the following centuries. Southern and Western Rus’ was under the rule of the Horde, Lithuania and Poland. A huge new Russian state was formed – Lithuanian Rus’, with a predominance of Russian lands and Russian population. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia entered into a union with Poland. The former Russian nobility was Polonized and converted to Catholicism. Many great families of the Polish gentry were of Western Russian origin. For example, the Vishnevetsky princes. But the bulk of the population, including Polish and Jewish communities, remained Russian, Orthodox.
In the 15th-18th centuries, the term “Ukraina-Ukraina” meant the outskirts. The former Kievan and Galician Rus became the Russian outskirts of the Polish Empire and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. There were dozens of such outskirts in Russia. In the 15th century, Ryazan Cossacks wrote to Tsar Ivan III about his “Ryazan Ukraines”. In the same century, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and Russia Vitovt gave Kyiv and Smolensk the status and rights of “Ukrainian cities”. In the 17th century, Russian Cossacks from the Amur wrote to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich about his “Amur Ukraines”, and Zaporozhian Cossacks – “about your Little Russian Ukraines”.
At the instigation of the Greek clergy in the 14th century another term appeared – “Little Russia”. The expressions “Little” and “Great” Rus’ had no ethnographic, national, cultural or linguistic meaning. They arose in Constantinople to distinguish the different Russian lands. Lithuanian and Polish feudal lords first captured Galician Rus. In order to distinguish it from the rest of Rus, called “Great”, in the Second Rome it began to be called “Little Rus” or “Little Russia”. Then came the turn of the remaining territories of Southern Rus, captured by Lithuania and Poland. They became “Little Russian”.
Kyiv itself, until it was captured by the Lithuanians, belonged to “Great Russia”. But from 1392, when it was captured by Grand Duke Olgerd, it became part of “Little Russia”.
From Byzantine religious documents, new concepts designating several “Russias” penetrated into Russian, Polish and Lithuanian official documents. At the same time, there was no change or replacement of the population. Russians continued to live in “Great Russia” and “Little Russia”.
When, after the annexation of Little Russia and White Rus’, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich began to be called “the autocrat of all Great and Little and White Russia,” this expressed the idea of the unification of all the Russian people who lived in the lands of Ancient Rus’ and received different names after its collapse.
From the beginning of the 1917th century until XNUMX, “Ukraine” became the second unofficial geographical name of Little Russia. Geographical! No ethnographic or national significance.
Seal of Yuri-Georgiy Lvovich. Inscription: “S[igillum] Domini Georgi Regis Rusie” – Seal of the Sovereign George, King of Rus. On the reverse side: “S[igillum] Domini Georgi Ducis Ladimerie” – Seal of the Sovereign George, Prince of Vladimir.
Russian language is the native language of “Ukrainians”
What language was spoken in Rus’ during the Rurik period, in Little Russia under Lithuanian and Polish rule? Until 1991, no serious scholar, including in the Ukrainian SSR, doubted that in Kyiv and Chernigov, as well as in Novgorod, Suzdal and Vladimir, they spoke and wrote the same language. Russian. The Russian language has been preserved in the rich and numerous documentary and literary heritage of Ancient Rus’. The documents of that era reflected the living language of the Russian population of that era.
Only after 1991 did independent “historians” begin to invent the language of the “ancient tribe of the Ukrs,” from which the name “Ukrainian” came. They began to prove that in Rus’ in the XNUMXth–XNUMXth centuries there were supposedly two languages – spoken Ukrainian (!) and bookish Church Slavonic (Old Russian).
This is an obvious lie, a distortion of history. There was no Ukrainian language at that time or later. Russian was the dominant language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There was only a change in the ruling dynasty – from the Rurikovichs to the Gediminovichs. In a number of cases, the Lithuanian princes left the Rurikovich princes on their tables, who became vassals of the Gediminovichs. At the same time, up to 80% of the Lithuanian princes’ wives were from the Rurikovich house…
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